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DTSTAMP:20260929T135257Z
DESCRIPTION:Schwertmannite is a nanocrystalline metastable iron (III) oxyhy
 droxysulfate mineral typically found in an acid sulfate-rich environment. 
 Such systems have been reported to have varying concentrations of anions s
 uch as chromate\, arsenate\, and phosphate. Phosphate\, on the other hand\
 , is an essential nutrient to plants\; however\, an elevated concentration
  causes eutrophication of water bodies. The present study examined the eff
 ect of varying PO43- loading on schwertmannite’s sorption capacity as well
  as its stability over time at pH 3\, 6\, and 8. schwertmannite was synthe
 sized via the H2O2 method. To also examine the bonding mechanism of phosph
 ate in Schwertmannite\, phosphate was coprecipitated with Schwertmannite. 
 Following the adsorption isotherm experiment\, phosphate was added at 0\, 
 1\, 10\, and 20-mM concentration termed zero\, low\, medium\, and high loa
 ding and was allowed to interact up to 1656 hours. The result of the adsor
 ption experiments after 24 hours revealed that the maximum adsorption valu
 es are 1.51\, 1.63\, and 1.16 mmol g-1 at pH 3\, 6\, and 8\, respectively.
  This maximum sorption occurred at maximum PO43- concentration\, which dec
 reased with increasing pH. A similar sorption behavior was observed with s
 chwertmannite under a longer time scale (24 -1656 hours)\, where sorption 
 increased with loading\, which in turn controls sulfate release. Transform
 ation of schwertmannite to goethite occurred in the zero-phosphate loading
  only after 1656 hours of aging at all pH values (more prominent at pH 3 a
 nd 8)\, with the formation of small goethite peaks revealed by XRD. This t
 ransformation was accompanied by SO42- release. In total\, about 19 – 50%\
 , 50 – 91%\, 76 – 86% of the total sulfate ranging from zero to high phosp
 hate loading was released after 1656 hours of aging at pH 3\, 6\, and 8\, 
 respectively. In contrast\, high phosphate loading stabilizes the schwertm
 annite surface against transformation at all pH values. Here\, PO43- may a
 ct as a barrier by blocking the reactive site of schwertmannite against di
 ssolution and creating a strong Fe-O-P bond. Overall\, the result showed t
 hat high PO43- loading potentially inhibit schwertmannite transformation b
 oth under acidic and alkaline medium. In particular\, the amount of phosph
 ate loading should be considered when Schwertmannite is used as a technica
 l sorbent for phosphate removal from water.
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20210517T090000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20210517T100000
LOCATION:Zoom
SUMMARY:Peter Uhuegbue: Phosphate removal from water using schwertmannite: 
 The role of structural phosphate incorporation
TRANSP:TRANSPARENT
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